Description
ACTOVEGIN Ampoules 200 mg, 5 ml, #5
Composition
- Active ingredient: deproteinized hemodialysate of calf blood — 200 mg per 5 ml ampoule (40 mg/ml concentration).
- Excipients: Water for injection; sodium chloride included as required to maintain isotonicity.
Description
Actovegin is a highly purified hemodialysate derived from bovine (calf) blood using ultrafiltration and dialysis techniques to remove proteins while preserving physiologically active low‑molecular‑weight compounds. This product contains naturally occurring constituents—nutrients, peptides, small metabolites—that facilitate cellular energy metabolism, enhance oxygen utilization, and support tissue repair and microcirculation.
It serves as an antihypoxant agent, stimulating cellular uptake of glucose and oxygen, promoting aerobic metabolism, and improving overall ATP production—especially vital under hypoxic or ischemic conditions. The formulation is a clear to slightly yellowish solution intended for parenteral administration (intravenous, intra‑arterial, or intramuscular routes), and packaged in 5 ml ampoules, five per pack.
Throughout decades of use in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and parts of East Asia, Actovegin has been employed across a wide spectrum of indications including neurological, vascular, metabolic, and wound‑healing disorders.
Mechanism of Action (Pharmacological Action)
- Metabolic effects: Under ischemic or hypoxic stress, Actovegin enhances glucose and oxygen uptake by cells, reducing anaerobic metabolism (lactate formation) and promoting generation of ATP, thus supporting energy homeostasis.
- Neuroprotective effects: In preclinical and in vitro studies, Actovegin has been shown to inhibit beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis, modulate signal transduction, and protect neuronal cells from oxidative and apoptotic damage.
- Microcirculatory effects: Improves capillary blood flow by reducing the pericapillary space, decreasing arteriole tone, reducing arteriovenous shunting, and stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thereby enhancing perfusion at the capillary level.
- The onset of therapeutic effects is reported within 30 minutes after parenteral administration, with a peak at approximately 3 hours; orally, peak effects may manifest between 2–6 hours post‑dose.
Indications
- Symptomatic treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin
- Peripheral arterial and venous circulatory disturbances
- Diabetic polyneuropathy
- Chronic and acute wound healing
- Radiation-induced tissue damage
- Traumatic brain injury and recovery support in athletes
Dosage and Administration
- Cerebral disorders: 10–20 ml IV daily for 2 weeks, then 5–10 ml IV/IM several times weekly for 4 weeks
- Ischemic stroke: 20–50 ml IV infusion daily for 2–3 weeks
- Peripheral disorders: 20–50 ml IV/IA several times weekly for 4 weeks
- Wound healing: 10 ml IV or 5 ml IM daily or as needed
- Radiation injury: 5 ml IV during radiation therapy
Infusions should be diluted in 200–300 ml saline or glucose; IM injections limited to 5 ml. Always under medical supervision.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Actovegin components
- Severe heart failure, pulmonary edema
- Renal failure with oliguria/anuria
- Hyperhydration or fluid overload
- Use in children under 18 not recommended
Use in Sports
Actovegin is utilized by some athletes to promote recovery and enhance tissue oxygenation after intense physical activity. It may assist in muscle recovery, reduce fatigue, and support microvascular perfusion without being classified as a prohibited substance when used within approved medical limits.
Adverse Effects
- Allergic: Rash, fever, anaphylactic reaction (rare)
- Digestive: Nausea, diarrhea
- Cardiovascular: Fluctuations in blood pressure, palpitations
- Nervous system: Headache, dizziness
Use During Pregnancy and Lactation
Use only when the potential benefit outweighs the risk. Commonly used for placental insufficiency, though large-scale safety data are limited.
Overdose
No overdose cases reported. Monitor fluid and electrolytes; treat symptomatically.
Drug Interactions
No known clinically significant interactions. Do not mix with other drugs in same syringe or IV line.
Storage
- Store at 15–25°C (59–77°F), protect from light
- Do not freeze
- Use ampoule immediately after opening
Scientific References
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Conclusion
Actovegin 200 mg in 5 ml ampoules is a bioactive injectable formulation with demonstrated effects in improving oxygen uptake, cellular metabolism, and tissue regeneration. Its therapeutic range covers cognitive disorders, neuropathies, wound care, and circulatory pathologies. Widely used in clinical settings, it remains an important part of multimodal therapy, especially where microcirculatory or hypoxic components are involved.
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