Composition

Each 1 ml contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol (9 mg/mL) in sterile, purified water for injection. This preservative prevents bacterial growth, allowing for multiple withdrawals from a single vial.

Description

Bacteriostatic Water is sterile water containing benzyl alcohol as an antimicrobial preservative. It is used primarily to dilute or reconstitute medications for injection. The 20 ml vial format allows for multiple doses from a single container within 28 days of first use.

Pharmacological Classification

Sterile diluent for parenteral use. Not pharmacologically active itself but used to ensure sterile delivery of injectable medications.

Indications

• Reconstitution of lyophilized powders for injection (e.g., hormones, peptides)
• Dilution of injectable medications
• Used in intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous routes as directed by medication instructions

Dosage and Administration

• Dosage determined by the medication being reconstituted or diluted
• For parenteral use only
• Use a sterile needle and syringe when accessing the vial
• After first use, discard unused portion after 28 days
• Do not use if solution is discolored, cloudy, or contains particulates

Contraindications

• Neonates (newborns), due to risk of gasping syndrome caused by benzyl alcohol
• Known hypersensitivity to benzyl alcohol or any component of the solution

Precautions

• Use with caution in pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Caution in patients with hepatic or renal impairment
• Use only with medications compatible with bacteriostatic water
• Not for use as a standalone injection without a compatible solute

Possible Side Effects

• Local injection site irritation or inflammation
• Allergic reactions: rash, itching, facial swelling, trouble breathing (rare)
• Benzyl alcohol toxicity in sensitive populations (especially neonates)

Drug Interactions

Bacteriostatic Water itself has no pharmacologic interaction. However, it may alter the stability or solubility of some medications. Always verify compatibility with the prescribed drug. Do not mix with drugs contraindicated with benzyl alcohol or aqueous solvents.

Overdose

Unlikely with proper use. Symptoms of benzyl alcohol overdose (in rare cases) may include hypotension, central nervous system depression, seizures, or respiratory failure. Emergency medical attention is required.

Pregnancy and Lactation

• Pregnancy: Use only if clearly needed. Avoid in first trimester or in high doses.
• Lactation: Consult healthcare provider; benzyl alcohol may be excreted in breast milk.

Storage

• Store at room temperature (15–25°C / 59–77°F)
• Protect from light and excessive heat
• Do not freeze
• Discard 28 days after first puncture

Disposal

Dispose of in accordance with local regulations for medical waste. Do not reuse vials. Do not flush into water systems. Return unused or expired medication to a pharmacy or waste disposal facility.

Scientific References

• NCBI: Benzyl Alcohol Overview
• Drugs.com: Bacteriostatic Water

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